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| Carbohydrates |
Carbohydrates are aldehydes polihidroksi (the aldoses) or polihidroksi keron (the Ketose sugars).Carbohydrates serve as fuel (energy sources), constituents of cell structure, and source of energy. Carbohydrates are polymers composed of monomer-monomer. Based on the number of monomers that make up polymers, carbohydrates can be classified into Monosaccharides,disaccharides, and polysaccharides.
A. Monosaccharides
Monosaccharides (Greece, monos = single, sacchar = sugar) which is common in nature, have the atom C totaled about 3-7 atom. Monosaccharides can be derived from the aldose (sugaraldehydes) and the Ketose sugars (sugars ketone). Compounds that include Monosaccharides, namely gliseraldehid, ribose, Galactose, dihidrosiaseton, ribulosa, and fructose. Structurebetween gluktosa and galactose only differs in the placement of the parts around theasymmetric carbon. Glucose is the main nutrient the cells, while the ribose and ribulosacontained in nucleic acids (DNA, RNA, and koezim).
B. A Disaccharide
A disaccharide is composed of two Monosaccharides that are dihubungakan by a glycosidic linkage, bond is a covalent bond that is formed through the reaction of dehydration. The compound includes the disaccharide maltose, namely, selobiosa, lactose, and sucrose. Maltoseis composed of two molecules of glucose, usually resulting from the hydrolysis of pata and used as a brewery. Selobiosa is derived from the hydrolysis of cellulose, and consists of two molecules of glucose. Lactose consists of one molecule of glucose bonded with one molecule of Galactose,and can be found in the milk. Sucrose is composed of glucose and fructose, can be found inplant sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum) and beets, as well as known as the daily sugarconsumption.
C. Polysaccharide
A polysaccharide is a macromolecule composed of hundreds to thousands of monosaccharidesare inter-related through the bonds of glycosidic linkage. Some of the functions of thepolysaccharides are as follows.
1. As the material deposits or reserves. If needed will be hydrolyzed into sugars to cell needs.For example, starch or starch contained in plants, and glycogen in animals. A simple form ofstarch or not branched called amylose, while a more complex form of starch or branchedpolymer called amylopectin. In humans and vetebrata, lots of glycogen stored in the liver and muscle cells.
2. as the material builders (structural), such as cellulose and chitin. Penyususun material iscellulose cell walls of plants. Chitin is exoskeleton constituents on Arthropods, such as insects,spiders and shrimps. Chitin is composed of monomers up molecules of glucose with the branchcontaining nitrogen. In the field of medicine, chitin can be used to make yarn that is strong andflaksibel operations, as well as to unravel after the incision or wound healed.
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