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| Lipid |
Lipids serve as structural components of cell membrane, reserve fuel bahn (summber energy), a protective layer, a component of the vitamin, and the components of the hormone. Lipids arehydrophobic, that have little or no affinity (attraction) toward the water. Lipid compounds thatare most important to living beings are fats, phospholipids, and steroids. Lipid compounds othersphingolipids, wax, karoteroid (as a raw vitamin A), and limonene in lemon oil.
A. Fats
Fat is also known as triglyceride or triacylglycerols, composed of one molecule of glycerol and three molecules of fatty acids. Glycerol is a three-carbon alcohol with ataom, each of whichcontain a hydroxyl group, whereas the fatty acids consist of 16 to 18 carbon atoms. Fatty acids can differentiated into saturated fatty acids and fatty acids are not saturated. On saturated fatty acids there are no double bonds between the carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon tail, so that thestructure of the hydrogen atom as possible will be bound to the carbon skeleton. Examples ofsaturated fatty acids, namely Palmitic acid and stearate acid. On the fatty acids not saturated or more double bonds formed through pengerluaran the hydrogen atom from the carbonskeleton. Examples of saturated fatty acids do not, namely linoleic acid, oleic acid, and linolenic acid.
Fat have saturated fatty acids is called saturated fats, such as animal fats that are solid at room temperatures. Meanwhile, the fat that has not saturated fatty acids called fat not saturated, e.g.vegetable fat (oil plants) and fish oil in the form of search on the room temperature.
B. Phospholipids
Phospholipids (fosfogliserida) composed of glycerol, fatty acids, and alcohols. Hydroxyl groupsof glycerol molecules bind to phosphate. On the umunnya, is composed of two types of fatty acids, i.e. one that is saturated and another one that is not saturated. Phospholipids showednature ambivalent toward the water, because it has a hydrophobic hydrocarbon tail besifat(have no affinity for water) and head with phosphate that is hydrophobic (having affinity forwater). Phospholipids are the main component of the cell membrane. Cell membrane is composed of a double layer (bilayer) phospholipids.
C. Sphingolipids
Sphingolipids is composed of three components, namely sfingosin, 1 molecule of fatty acidmolecules, and 1 head of polar fosforilkolin. Sphingolipids found in myelin nerve cells.
D. Steorid
Steroids is a lipid that has a carbon skeleton with four fused rings. Compounds that belong to the Group of sterorid, i.e., stigmasterol and sitosterol (present in plants), ergosterol (found inyeast and is the raw material of vitamin D), and cholesterol are found in the brain, nerve cells,cell membranes, and acts as a precursor (precursor compounds) dala vertebrate hormonesynthesis sek. However, if the concentration of cholesterol in the blood is too high will causeatherosclerosis.
E. Candles
Wax is a compound formed from fatty acid esters with alcohol instead of glycerol. The fatty acids that make up the compound generally is Palmitic acid. Meanwhile, the alcohol constitutinggenerally have 26 to 34 carbon atoms.
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